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A preview from our curated question bank. The generator produces fresh, AI-tailored questions on each run.
What is the difference between `==` and `.equals()` in Java?
Tip: `==` compares object references (memory addresses). `.equals()` compares logical content — overridden in String and most value classes. Classic trap: `new String("a") == new String("a")` is false; `.equals()` is true.
What are the key features introduced in Java 8?
Tip: Lambda expressions, Stream API, Optional class, functional interfaces, default/static interface methods, new Date-Time API (java.time), and CompletableFuture. Streams and lambdas are the most commonly tested.
What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList in Java?
Tip: ArrayList: O(1) random access, O(n) insert/delete at middle. LinkedList: O(n) access, O(1) insert/delete at head/tail. Use ArrayList by default; LinkedList only when you frequently add/remove at ends and never random-access.
What are checked and unchecked exceptions in Java? When do you use each?
Tip: Checked exceptions (extend Exception) must be declared or caught — for recoverable conditions like file not found. Unchecked (extend RuntimeException) are for programming errors (NPE, ArrayIndexOutOfBounds). Do not catch RuntimeException broadly.
What are the SOLID principles? Give a one-line Java example for each.
Tip: S: Single Responsibility — one class, one reason to change. O: Open/Closed — extend via inheritance, not modification. L: Liskov Substitution — subclasses must be substitutable. I: Interface Segregation — small focused interfaces. D: Dependency Inversion — depend on abstractions.
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